Factory Pattern

With the Factory Pattern, we can use a special function - the factory function - to create many of the same objects.

const createUser = (firstName, lastName) => ({
  id: crypto.randomUUID(),
  createdAt: Date.now(),
  firstName,
  lastName,
  fullName: `${firstName} ${lastName}`,
})
 
createUser("John", "Doe")
createUser("Sarah", "Doe")
createUser("Lydia", "Hallie")

Tradeoffs

DRY

The factory pattern is useful when we have to create multiple objects that share the same properties, without having to repeat the same code over and over. A factory function can easily return a custom object depending on the current environment, or user-specific configuration.

Not really a pattern

In JavaScript, the factory pattern isn’t much more than a function that returns an object without using the new keyword. ES6 arrow functions allow us to create small factory functions that implicitly return an object each time.

However, in many cases it may be more memory efficient to create new instances instead of new objects each time.

class User {
  constructor(firstName, lastName, email) {
    this.firstName = firstName
    this.lastName = lastName
    this.email = email
  }
 
  async getPosts() {
    const posts = await fetch(`https://my.cms.com/posts/user/${this.id}`)
    return posts
  }
}
 
const user1 = new User({
  firstName: "John",
  lastName: "Doe",
  email: "john@doe.com",
})
 
const user2 = new User({
  firstName: "Jane",
  lastName: "Doe",
  email: "jane@doe.com",
})

The fullName method is the same for all the objects that were created. By creating new instances, the fullName method is available on the prototype instead of on the objec, which saves memory.

References

https://javascriptpatterns.vercel.app/patterns/design-patterns/factory-pattern